Demographic features and population
The state of Eritrea is located in Eastern Africa, bordering Ethiopia and the Red Sea, between Djibouti and Sudan. The total land is about 117,600 sq km where the land occupies 101,000 sq km and water at 16,600 sq km. the capital city of Eritrea is Asmara. The population is estimated to be about 6,209,262 million people. The country is characterized by a hot,
dry desert strip along the Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and lowlands. The land terrain is dominated by an extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains.
Some of the natural resources in the country include gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, possibly oil and natural gas and fish.
Economic Overview
The country has industries that process food, beverages, clothing and textiles, light manufacturing, salt, and cement. Largely agrarian economy with mining accounting for the lion’s share of the country’s economic output.
Governance Structure
The Executive: The president is both the head of state and the head of government. The Council of Ministers is appointed by the president who runs different ministries within the government.
The Legislature: The parliament is a unicameral National Assembly (Hagerawi Baito) (150 seats; 75 members indirectly elected by the ruling party and 75 directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 5-year terms)
The Judiciary: in Eritrea, the highest court is the High Court which consists of 20 judges and organized into civil, commercial, criminal, labor, administrative, and customary sections. Judges are appointed by the president.
Subordinate courts are the second category of courts in Ethiopia. These are the regional/zonal courts composed of community courts; special courts; Sharia courts (for issues dealing with Muslim marriage, inheritance, and family) and military courts.
Safety and Security
There are numerous transnational disputes involving her and her neighbor Ethiopia on the Ethiopia-Eritrea Border. Sudan accuses Eritrea of supporting eastern Sudanese rebel groups; in 2008, Eritrean troops moved across the border on the Ras Doumera peninsula and occupied Doumera Island with undefined sovereignty in the Red Sea.
Human trafficking has been reported in the country. Eritreans who flee the country, usually with the aim of reaching Europe, seek the help of paid smugglers and are vulnerable to trafficking when they cross the border clandestinely into Sudan, Ethiopia, and to a lesser extent Djibouti; This is common du Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons have been numerous due to internal conflicts and civil wars that the country has experienced since independence.
Membership to Regional Blocs
The State of Eritrea is a member of various regional blocs including the Regional Centre on Small Arms (RECSA). Others include the UN, AU, COMESA, and IGAD among others.
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